GPS Navigation - Historial de revisiones

Joaquin.baranao en 21:43 17 dic 2018

2018-12-17T21:43:06Z

Joaquin.baranao: /* Batteries and Electrical Power Supply */

2018-12-17T21:38:27Z

‎Batteries and Electrical Power Supply

Joaquin.baranao en 21:00 17 dic 2018

2018-12-17T21:00:12Z

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Joaquin.baranao: /* Conclusion */

2018-12-17T20:56:10Z

‎Conclusion

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Joaquin.baranao: /* Batteries and Electrical Power Supply */

2018-12-17T20:43:43Z

‎Batteries and Electrical Power Supply

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Joaquin.baranao: /* Satellite Communication Device */

2018-12-17T20:24:38Z

‎Satellite Communication Device

Joaquin.baranao: /* Practical Considerations */

2018-12-17T20:19:33Z

‎Practical Considerations

Joaquin.baranao: /* Optimizing GPS Displays */

2018-12-17T20:18:10Z

‎Optimizing GPS Displays

Joaquin.baranao: /* Optimizing GPS Displays */

2018-12-17T20:17:52Z

‎Optimizing GPS Displays

Joaquin.baranao: /* Optimizing GPS Displays */

2018-12-17T20:16:15Z

‎Optimizing GPS Displays

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 21:43 17 dic 2018
Línea 1:		Línea 1:
		+	{{Manuales}}
	''This information was kindly provided by Jan Dudeck, the creator of the [[Greater Patagonian Trail]]''		''This information was kindly provided by Jan Dudeck, the creator of the [[Greater Patagonian Trail]]''

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 *'''Electrical Power Consumption''': The commonly used unit for small electrical devices is Watt (W) or Milliwatt (mW). 1000 mW equals 1 W. For DC consumers the power consumption can be calculated by multiplying the supply voltage with the required electrical current. In example a GPS device that is powered with two AA NiMH batteries (2 x 1.25 V) and draws a current of 50 mA has a power consumption of 125 mW (or 0.125 W). Manufacturers sometimes provide the power consumption in Ampere (A) or Milliampere (mA) what is scientifically incorrect but not an issue if the voltage is known. The conversion between current (A) and power (W) is made by multiplying the current with the voltage.
 *'''Electrical Energy Consumption''': The technical correct unit is Watthour (Wh). Note the difference between power and energy: power (W) is the rate of consumption while energy (Wh) is the accumulated consumption. So the energy consumption is the summed-up power consumption over a given time span. If you want to compare power and energy with hiking than power is like the speed and energy is like the distance covered.
-Stored Electrical Energy: The technical correct unit is Watthour (Wh) but battery manufacturers often use Milliamperehour (mAh) to indicate the capacity of a battery. This is scientifically incorrect but when comparing batteries of the same type this works. But when comparing different battery types the unit mAh is misguiding. A Lithium-Ion battery with a capacity of 1000 mAh stores more energy than a 2000 mAh NiMH battery because the Voltage of a Lithium-Ion battery is higher. A Lithium-Ion battery with a 1000 mAh capacity contains roughly 3.7 Wh while a 2000 mAh NiMH battery contains only 2.4 Wh. Note that USB power banks are not rated based on the output voltage but based on the capacity of the internal Lithium-Ion battery.
+*'''Stored Electrical Energy''': The technical correct unit is Watthour (Wh) but battery manufacturers often use Milliamperehour (mAh) to indicate the capacity of a battery. This is scientifically incorrect but when comparing batteries of the same type this works. But when comparing different battery types the unit mAh is misguiding. A Lithium-Ion battery with a capacity of 1000 mAh stores more energy than a 2000 mAh NiMH battery because the Voltage of a Lithium-Ion battery is higher. A Lithium-Ion battery with a 1000 mAh capacity contains roughly 3.7 Wh while a 2000 mAh NiMH battery contains only 2.4 Wh. Note that USB power banks are not rated based on the output voltage but based on the capacity of the internal Lithium-Ion battery.
 *'''Specific Stored Energy:''' The technical correct unit is Watthour per Kilogramm (Wh/kg). This number tells how much electrical energy is stored in relation to the weight of the battery or power pack. You can calculate the specific stored energy of a battery by dividing the stored electrical energy (Wh) by the weight of the battery (kg). As a hiker you obviously want this number to be high, to have as much as possible energy packed into as little as possible weight. But the battery chemistry puts physical limits to this. Understanding this helps to identify obviously false advertisements. I.e. if someone offers an AA NiMH battery with a capacity of 3500 mAh he scams. See the table about battery and power bank specifications for more detailed information.
 *'''Energy Transfer Efficiency''': When charging an electrical device i.e. with a power bank some losses occur. A part of the energy will no end up in the charged device i.e. the smartphone battery but get lost in form of heat while charging. The common unit for efficiency is Percent. An energy transfer efficiency of 75% means that only ¾ of the stored electrical energy ends up in the charged battery. When charging a device from the grit in a town you do not need to worry about this, but when charging a device on the trail with a power pack this becomes relevant.
-Effective Stored Electrical Energy: Unit: Watthour (Wh). This is the amount of the electrical energy of a power bank that ends up the in the charged device when considering the losses of the energy transfer process.
+*'''Effective Stored Electrical Energy''': Unit: Watthour (Wh). This is the amount of the electrical energy of a power bank that ends up the in the charged device when considering the losses of the energy transfer process.
 *'''Generated Electrical Power''': Unit: Watt (W). Today a wide range of outdoor gear promises a free recharge of your electrical consumers on the trail. Most common are solar panels but also water and wind turbines pushed on the market. The most weird gear I have seen is a stoves that promise to produce electrical energy using the thermoelectric effect. The power might be free but always comes with a weight penalty. Therefore the following is of importance:
-*''Specific Power Generation: Unit'': Watt per Kilogram (W/kg). This is the actual archived power output divided by the weight of the device. This number shows the difference between a gadget that just appears cool and an actual useful piece of gear.
+*''Specific Power Generation: Unit''': Watt per Kilogram (W/kg). This is the actual archived power output divided by the weight of the device. This number shows the difference between a gadget that just appears cool and an actual useful piece of gear.
 ===Electrical Energy Consumption===
 The actual electrical energy consumption during a long-distance hike depends on the electronic consumers and their use.

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 ==Satellite Communication Device==
 I highly recommend one of these satellite pagers:
-	Garmin InReach Mini 
+*[https://buy.garmin.com/en-US/US/p/592606 Garmin InReach Mini ]
-	Garmin InReach SE+ 
+*[https://buy.garmin.com/en-US/US/p/561286 Garmin InReach SE+ ]
-	Garmin InReach Explorer+ 
+*[https://www.garmin.com.my/products/outdoor/inreach-explorer-plus/ Garmin InReach Explorer+ ]
 Less suitable are:
-	Globalstar SPOT Gen3 
+*[https://www.globalstar.com/en-us/products/spot/spot-gen3 Globalstar SPOT Gen3 ]
-	Globalstar SPOT X 
+*[https://www.globalstar.com/en-us/products/spot/SPOTX Globalstar SPOT X ]
-The Garmin InReach relies on the Iridium satellite network, which has a consistently good coverage that gets better towards the poles. Therefore all Greater Patagonia is very well covered. This good coverage is archived by orbiting the roughly 70 to 80 active satellites over the poles and permanent inter-satellite-data-links. Read the Wikipedia article  for more information.
-The Globalstar satellite network used by the SPOT devises has a quite different constellation. The number of active satellites is smaller compared to the Iridium network; the satellites does not circle over the poles and have no inter-satellite-data-link but require a data-link to a ground station to send and receive data. This results in a reduced coverage and black-out periods in Patagonia that become worse towards the south. Read the Wikipedia article  to the Globalstar system to better understand these differences. Also, some Globalstar devices (i.e. the SPOT Gen3) can only send but not receive information limiting their usefulness further.
+The Garmin InReach relies on the Iridium satellite network, which has a consistently good coverage that gets better towards the poles. Therefore all Greater Patagonia is very well covered. This good coverage is archived by orbiting the roughly 70 to 80 active satellites over the poles and permanent inter-satellite-data-links. Read [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridium_satellite_constellation the Wikipedia article] for more information.
-In one season we carried a Globalstar SPOT and a Garmin InReach and clearly noticed the difference. While the InReach successfully send our position signal every 10 minutes the Spot had black-outs lasting several hours even with clear view to the sky. Therefore I do not trust the Globalstar coverage chart  that claims that the entire Southern Cone is fully covered.
 Based on this experience I consider a Garmin InReach substantially more reliable than a Globalstar SPOT but a SPOT is still substantially better than just a mobile phone.
 A Garmin InReach devise comes with a price tag of 350 to 450 USD. In addition, you need a satellite data plan. Garmin offers affordable monthly plans that can be purchased for just the time required. We opted for the “RECREATION” plan that includes SOS service, 40 text message per month, position tracking in 10 minutes intervals and weather forecasts for 35 USD per month (plus a 25 USD annual fee). This plan allows that our families and friend can constantly see where we are (position tracking) and we can occasional send and receive text message and request weather forecasts which are quite reliable. A cheaper option is the “SAFETY” plan for 15 USD per month (plus 25 USD annual fee) that includes SOS service only and all data service is payed as used. See the Garmin InReach page for more details.
-Note that teh InReach Explorer is not really suitable to navigate on the GPT. The firmware makes it impossible to upload the GPT route network because the device has a build-in limit of only 25 tracks and 500 waypoints. See the previous chapter Backup GPS Navigation Device 516 for more information.
 ==Batteries and Electrical Power Supply==
 The optimal power supply on a long-distance hike is a subject with opposing opinions and a wide range of products that promise the solution. I try to analyse this subject with Engineering methods based on actual measurements and calculations to challenge my own habits and no fall victim to false advertisements and myths.

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 ===Practical Considerations===
 The GPS device should be carried high up on the body within easy reach to facilitate frequent location checks. A mostly unrestricted view to the sky improves the GPS accuracy and minimizes the power consumption. Therefore it is not advisable to carry the GPS i.e. in a hip belt pocket.
 To quickly reach my GPS in a location with such a good reception I constantly carry it on top of my shoulder. For this I glued a belt clip to the GPS and stitched a ribbon to my backpack shoulder strap. In this location I can easily reach my GPS and to not loose the device I hook it up with a rubber strap to a D-ring on the shoulder strap.
 When packrafting it is particular important to have the GPS within easy reach to not miss critical river exit points. Dangerous rapids and waterfalls may be ahead! When packrafting we also connect the GPS with a string to the packraft or the PFD (Personal Flotation Device). In addition, we attach a flotation device to the GPS as the GPS is heavier than water and sinks to the ground if it falls accidentally into the water.
 The plastic screen of a Garmin handheld GPS device is more robust than a typical smart phone glass screen but gets easily scratched. To maintain the screen in good condition I use a protective foil that can be replaced when worn.
 ==Backup GPS Navigation Device==
 Relying on the Greater Patagonian Trail on a single electronic navigation device is negligent. A defect like a broken button can render the device useless. Should you lose your GPS on the trail you would not be the first one with this mishap. If your navigation device fails or get lost, you may try to backtrack relying only on your memory but if you are towards the end of a section with the food reserves depleted this is not an appropriate last resort. Also, some parts of route are too confusing to rely on memory.

@@ Línea 154: / Línea 154: @@
 My pre-selected pages are:
-[[File:navegacion con GPS 6.PNG|thumbTrip Computer and Sun and Moon Page of eTrex30x]]
+[[File:navegacion con GPS 6.PNG|thumb|Trip Computer and Sun and Moon Page of eTrex30x]]
 *Map: Shows the current location on the maps and permits zooming and panning to plan ahead. This is my most frequently used page.
 *Compass: You can select on the map a point an aim for this point using the Compass page. This is useful in cross country terrain and when packrafting in open water. If your device does not have a magnetic sensor (i.e. the eTrex20x comes without compass) then the orientation is only shown correctly while moving.

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 ===Optimizing GPS Displays===
 In the Setup menu under Page Sequence you can select displays that are useful for you i.e. the Map page, the Compass page, the Elevation Plot and many more. By hitting the back button you switch between your pre-select pages without selecting them every time in Main Menu.
+[[File:navegacion con GPS 5.PNG|thumb|Addition of Optional Pages on a Garmin eTrex30x]]
-Pictures 123, 124, 125, 126 and 127: Addition of Optional Pages on a Garmin eTrex30x
 My pre-selected pages are:
-	Map: Shows the current location on the maps and permits zooming and panning to plan ahead. This is my most frequently used page.
+*Map: Shows the current location on the maps and permits zooming and panning to plan ahead. This is my most frequently used page.
-	Compass: You can select on the map a point an aim for this point using the Compass page. This is useful in cross country terrain and when packrafting in open water. If your device does not have a magnetic sensor (i.e. the eTrex20x comes without compass) then the orientation is only shown correctly while moving.
+*Compass: You can select on the map a point an aim for this point using the Compass page. This is useful in cross country terrain and when packrafting in open water. If your device does not have a magnetic sensor (i.e. the eTrex20x comes without compass) then the orientation is only shown correctly while moving.
-	Elevation Plot: The elevation plot does not shrink mountains but shows you at least what you climbed and descended.
+*Elevation Plot: The elevation plot does not shrink mountains but shows you at least what you climbed and descended.
-	Trip Computer: You can select the values that you wish to get shown on this page. We tend to reset the counter daily to monitor our daily advance but you can keep the counter running if you love to see big numbers.
+*Trip Computer: You can select the values that you wish to get shown on this page. We tend to reset the counter daily to monitor our daily advance but you can keep the counter running if you love to see big numbers.
-	Sun and Moon: Knowing sunrise, sunset and moon status is useful to anticipate natural light and know your death-line for finding a suitable camp site. Also the calendar is handy when approaching a section end and planning your resupply trip.
+*Sun and Moon: Knowing sunrise, sunset and moon status is useful to anticipate natural light and know your death-line for finding a suitable camp site. Also the calendar is handy when approaching a section end and planning your resupply trip.
-	Satellite: In dense forest satellite signal reception may be compromised. This page helps to understand the accuracy of the displayed location.
+*Satellite: In dense forest satellite signal reception may be compromised. This page helps to understand the accuracy of the displayed location.
 Several hikers who attempted to hike parts of the GPT had to abort and backtrack because they were unable to manage the track display, did not set up topographic maps correctly or run out of power on the trail. A proper learning and testing period before the adventure on the GPT could have prevented this.
 So, reading GPS suggestions does not replace personal practice with your GPS device. A proper hike would be ideal but even testing in urban areas will be very helpful if you use your GPS with a playful attitude and test the different features and options. Be curious and not scared to change settings. Play! Have a stroll around your home with your GPS, record this track, download the GPX file from your device, convert it into a KMZ file and review your stroll on Google Earth!
 Therefore, if you do not have a GPS yet, purchase one latest 3 month before you depart and practice. Setup your device yourself and don’t ask a nerdy friend to do it for you. Only if you learn to do it yourself, you will be able to understand and solve your GPS problems yourself when you have nobody around to ask.
 ===Practical Considerations===
 The GPS device should be carried high up on the body within easy reach to facilitate frequent location checks. A mostly unrestricted view to the sky improves the GPS accuracy and minimizes the power consumption. Therefore it is not advisable to carry the GPS i.e. in a hip belt pocket.