Cambios

! Nominal Voltage

| Best Weight-Cost-Ratio especially when not carrying a solar panel. Not suitable for recharging.

| Luxury Low-Weight-Option or emergency spares. Do not recharge as these batteries may explode.

| DO NOT USE! AA sized 14500 Li-Ion batteries have a voltage of 3.7 V what may permanently damage the GPS.

| DO NOT USE! Zin-Carbon batteries have a much lower capacity, are not cold-resistant and may leak.

*Elevation Plot: The elevation plot does not shrink mountains but shows you at least what you climbed and descended.

 *[https://buy.garmin.com/en-US/US/p/592606 Garmin InReach Mini ] *[https://buy.garmin.com/en-US/US/p/561286 Garmin InReach SE+ ] *[https://www.garmin.com.my/products/outdoor/inreach-explorer-plus/ Garmin InReach Explorer+ ]

 *[https://www.globalstar.com/en-us/products/spot/spot-gen3 Globalstar SPOT Gen3 ] *[https://www.globalstar.com/en-us/products/spot/SPOTX Globalstar SPOT X ] The Garmin InReach relies on the Iridium satellite network, which has a consistently good coverage that gets better towards the poles. Therefore all Greater Patagonia is very well covered. This good coverage is archived by orbiting the roughly 70 to 80 active satellites over the poles and permanent inter-satellite-data-links. Read [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridium_satellite_constellation the Wikipedia article  ] for more information. The Globalstar satellite network used by the SPOT devises has a quite different constellation. The number of active satellites is smaller compared to the Iridium network; the satellites does not circle over the poles and have no inter-satellite-data-link but require a data-link to a ground station to send and receive data. This results in a reduced coverage and black-out periods in Patagonia that become worse towards the south. Read [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalstar the Wikipedia article  ] to the Globalstar system to better understand these differences. Also, some Globalstar devices (i.e. the SPOT Gen3) can only send but not receive information limiting their usefulness further. In one season we carried a Globalstar SPOT and a Garmin InReach and clearly noticed the difference. While the InReach successfully send our position signal every 10 minutes the Spot had black-outs lasting several hours even with clear view to the sky. Therefore I do not trust the [https://eu.globalstar.com/en/images/cid_106/Globalstar-Coverage-IoT.png Globalstar coverage chart  ] that claims that the entire Southern Cone is fully covered. 

 Note that teh InReach Explorer is not really suitable to navigate on the GPT. The firmware makes it impossible to upload the GPT route network because the device has a build-in limit of only 25 tracks and 500 waypoints. See the previous chapter Backup GPS Navigation Device 516 for more information. 

 *'''Voltage''': Unit: Volt (V). If comparing different batteries and devices you should know the nominal Voltage. Non-rechargeable Alkaline and Lithium batteries provide approximately 1.5 V. Rechargeable NiMH batteries have a slightly lower voltage of about 1.2 V. Rechargeable Lithium-Ion batteries supply 3.7 V. All USB devises work with 5 V. This applies to USB power consumers and USB power banks with Lithium-Ion batteries. These power banks have electronics that steps up the voltage to 5 V. For more information see Table 113: See the battery and power bank specifications section.*'''Electrical Current''': Unit: Ampere (A) or Milliampere (mA). 1000 mA equals 1 A.*'''Electrical Power Consumption''': The commonly used unit for small electrical devices is Watt (W) or Milliwatt (mW). 1000 mW equals 1 W. For DC consumers the power consumption can be calculated by multiplying the supply voltage with the required electrical current. In example a GPS device that is powered with two AA NiMH batteries (2 x 1.25 V) and draws a current of 50 mA has a power consumption of 125 mW (or 0.125 W). Manufacturers sometimes provide the power consumption in Ampere (A) or Milliampere (mA) what is scientifically incorrect but not an issue if the voltage is known. The conversion between current (A) and power (W) is made by multiplying the current with the voltage.*'''Electrical Energy Consumption''': The technical correct unit is Watthour (Wh). Note the difference between power and energy: power (W) is the rate of consumption while energy (Wh) is the accumulated consumption. So the energy consumption is the summed-up power consumption over a given time span. If you want to compare power and energy with hiking than power is like the speed and energy is like the distance covered.*'''Stored Electrical Energy''': The technical correct unit is Watthour (Wh) but battery manufacturers often use Milliamperehour (mAh) to indicate the capacity of a battery. This is scientifically incorrect but when comparing batteries of the same type this works. But when comparing different battery types the unit mAh is misguiding. A Lithium-Ion battery with a capacity of 1000 mAh stores more energy than a 2000 mAh NiMH battery because the Voltage of a Lithium-Ion battery is higher. A Lithium-Ion battery with a 1000 mAh capacity contains roughly 3.7 Wh while a 2000 mAh NiMH battery contains only 2.4 Wh. Note that USB power banks are not rated based on the output voltage but based on the capacity of the internal Lithium-Ion battery.*'''Specific Stored Energy: ''' The technical correct unit is Watthour per Kilogramm (Wh/kg). This number tells how much electrical energy is stored in relation to the weight of the battery or power pack. You can calculate the specific stored energy of a battery by dividing the stored electrical energy (Wh) by the weight of the battery (kg). As a hiker you obviously want this number to be high, to have as much as possible energy packed into as little as possible weight. But the battery chemistry puts physical limits to this. Understanding this helps to identify obviously false advertisements. I.e. if someone offers an AA NiMH battery with a capacity of 3500 mAh he scams. See the table about battery and power bank specifications for more detailed information.*'''Energy Transfer Efficiency''': When charging an electrical device i.e. with a power bank some losses occur. A part of the energy will no end up in the charged device i.e. the smartphone battery but get lost in form of heat while charging. The common unit for efficiency is Percent. An energy transfer efficiency of 75% means that only ¾ of the stored electrical energy ends up in the charged battery. When charging a device from the grit in a town you do not need to worry about this, but when charging a device on the trail with a power pack this becomes relevant.*'''Effective Stored Electrical Energy''': Unit: Watthour (Wh). This is the amount of the electrical energy of a power bank that ends up the in the charged device when considering the losses of the energy transfer process.*'''Generated Electrical Power''': Unit: Watt (W). Today a wide range of outdoor gear promises a free recharge of your electrical consumers on the trail. Most common are solar panels but also water and wind turbines pushed on the market. The most weird gear I have seen is a stoves that promise to produce electrical energy using the thermoelectric effect. The power might be free but always comes with a weight penalty. Therefore the following is of importance:*''Specific Power Generation: Unit''': Watt per Kilogram (W/kg). This is the actual archived power output divided by the weight of the device. This number shows the difference between a gadget that just appears cool and an actual useful piece of gear.

A Garmin handheld GPS device has a energy consumption of 1.5 Wh to 2.5 Wh per day if the previously recommended power saving settings are applied. One pair of AA batteries lasts therefore: *2 x NiMH Rechargeable Batteries (2 x 2.2 - 3.0 Wh): 2 to 3 days *2 x Alkaline Non-Rechargeable Batteries (2 x 3.0 - 4.2 Wh): 3 to 4 days *2 x Lithium Non-Rechargeable Batteries (2 x 4.5 - 5.25 Wh): 4 to 5 days

 *InReach Mini with an internal 1250 mAh battery (4.6 Wh): Approximately 5 days *Newer InReach SE+ and Explorer+ models with an internal 2900 mAh battery (10.7 Wh): Approximately 10 days *Older InReach SE and Explorer models with an internal 2450 mAh battery (9.1 Wh): Approximately 10 daysThe energy consumption of a smartphone is generally higher and varies substantially depending on the model and how it gets used. I assume that everyone knows that intense use can consume one full battery charge per day but keeping it in airplane mode with the GPS deactivated will make the internal battery last quite long. The internal Lithium-Ion batteries have depending on the model a capacity between 1’800 and a little over 3’000 mAh what corresponds with 7 to 12 Wh of stored energy. So, the smartphone energy consumption ranges from virtually 0 to about 12 Wh per day. This high variability makes it difficult to issue specific recommendations what recharge method is optimal.

An inexpensive recommendable USB power monitor is the [http://portablepowersupplies.co.uk/home/premium-usb-dc-power-monitor PortaPow Dual USB Power Monitor ]. 

 {| class="wikitable"|+Battery and power bank specifications! Battery Type ! Stored Energy ! Weight ! Specific Stored Energy ! Nominal Voltage ! Actual Range ! Comment|-| colspan="7"|Rechargeable AA Batteries|-| AA NiMHBattery | 2.2 – 3.0 Wh1’800 – 2’500 mAh | 25 g | 85 – 120 Wh/kg | 1.2 V | 1.4 – 1.1 V | New quality NiMH batteries have a capacity of 2’000 – 2’500 mAh but over time and with frequent use this drops.|-| colspan="7"|Non-Rechargeable AA Batteries|-| AA AlkalineBattery | 3.0 – 4.2 Wh 2’000 – 2’800 mAh | 23 g | 130 – 180 Wh/kg | 1.5 V | 1.6 – 1.1 V | Alkaline batteries are good for devices with a low power consumption (GPS).|-| AA Lithium Battery | 4.5 – 5.25 Wh 3’000 – 3’500 mAh | 15 g | 300 – 350 Wh/kg | 1.5 V | 1.8 – 1.5 V | Lithium batteries have the highest specific energy but are more costly.|-|colspan="7"| Other Rechargeable Batteries and Power Banks|-| Lithium-IonBattery | Depending on size | Depending on size Approximately | Approximately 200 Wh/kg | 3.7 V | 4.1 – 3.7 V | Most devices with build in batteries have Lithium-Ion batteries installed.|-| 5000 mA Power Bank | Nominal 18.5 WhEffective 13 - 15 Wh | 120 – 150 g Nominal| Nominal 125 – 200 Wh/kgEffective100 – 160 Wh/kg | 5.0 V | 5.0 V | USB power banks are specified based on the capacity of the internal Lithium-Ion batteries (3.7 V) and not the output voltage (5.0 V) of the USB port.|-| 10’000 mA Power Bank | Nominal 37 WhEffective 26 - 30 Wh | 180 – 240 g | Nominal 125 – 200 Wh/kg Effective 100 – 160 Wh/kg| 5.0 V | 5.0 V Table 113: Battery and | USB power bank specificationsbanks are specified based on the capacity of the internal Lithium-Ion batteries (3.7 V) and not the output voltage (5.0 V) of the USB port.|} 

[[File:discharge batteries.png|frame|NiMH battery discharge curve. For GPS devices the discharge current is typical 0.1 A or less therefore the highest curve of the diagram is applicable. Image: lygte-info.dk]]Be aware that the battery voltage depends on the charging state, the temperature and the load during use (consumer). When fully charged the voltage is slightly higher than the nominal voltage. During use the voltage drops. By measuring the voltage the battery state can be estimated.This is particular helpful when using rechargeable NiMH batteries. A fully charged NiMH battery provides 1.4 V at an ambient temperature of approx. 20 ºC (open-circuit voltage). At the beginning of the discharge cycle (first 10% of capacity) the voltage drops quickly to 1.3 V where the “plateau” starts. Once the plateau is reached the voltage slowly decreases during use to about 1.2 V (80% of capacity). When the battery is nearly empty the voltage drops again sharply (last 10% of capacity).  

 *For the GPS use pairs of batteries that you always charge and use together (best mark the batteries i.e. A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2 to easily identify pair A, B, C and D). Don’t mix a fully charged battery with a half-empty battery in the GPS. This makes your GPS faint quickly and may damage the batteries permanently (reverse-charging). *Don’t overcharge batteries. This is best done by charging two pairs of equally empty batteries together in the Goal Zero Guide 10 charger (With the Goal Zero device you must charge 4 batteries together otherwise this charger does not work. By combining 4 batteries with a similar discharge state the charger works more effective and the batteries suffer less.) *Don’t overheat batteries. Keep the batteries in a shady and ventilated location when charging. The gear pockets on the back of a solar panel is not suitable to hold the charger while charging. *Be aware, that poor copies of brand batteries are sold in dodgy places (eBay, street vendors, ...) that have often a much lower capacity than advertised. Therefore, get your NiMH batteries before your trip in a trustworthy location. I made good experiences with the eneloop NiMH batteries (2’000 mAh) and the four NiMH batteries that come with Goal Zero Guide 10 plus charger (2’300 mAh). *Be careful with high-capacity NiMH batteries that are rated with more than 2’000 mAh. These batteries are more sensible to over-charging or reverse-charging what can accidentally happen if two batteries with different discharge states are mixed in one device. I will test on my next investigation trip the eneloop Pro batteries with a rated capacity of 2’500 mAh. They are more fragile so let’s see how they behave in the field!

 In contrast, charging a smartphone or an InReach device with a USB power bank is not lossless. My measurements showed me that only 70% - 80% of the energy ends up in the charged battery and 20% - 30% of the energy is converted into useless heat during the energy transfer process. These losses are unavoidable due to the battery chemistry and the power consumption of the electronics in the power bank and the charged device. This means that a 10’000 mAh power bank with a rated capacity of 37 Wh equals 26 – 30 Wh in your smartphone and InReach. Therefore the effective specific stored energy of a USB power bank with Lithium-Ion batteries (100 – 160 Wh/kg) tends to be slightly lower than the specific stored energy of AA Alkaline batteries (130 – 180 Wh/kg) and not much better than NiMH batteries (75 – 120 Wh/kg). Non-rechargeable Lithium Batteries (300 – 350 Wh/kg) are clearly on top of the list when minimizing weight. <small>Note: I estimate that about one third of the losses (7% to 10%) occur in the power bank by stepping up the voltage from the internal Lithium-Ion battery (3.7 V) to the USB voltage (5.0 V). The remaining two third of the losses (13% to 20%) occur in the charged device when transforming the USB voltage (5.0 V) into the appropriate charging voltage (4.25 V) for the internal Lithium-Ion battery and by losses in the charged battery itself (internal battery resistance). The rule of thumb is: As warmer your devices become while charging as higher are the losses.</small> 

 *Fully charging an InReach Mini with an internal 1’250 mAh (1.25 Ah) Lithium-Ion battery: **Stored Electrical Energy of internal battery: 1.25 Ah x 3.7 V = 4.6 Wh**Required power bank energy for recharging with a 75% Energy Transfer Efficiency: 4.6 Wh / 0.75 ≈ 6 Wh**This corresponds to 1’650 mAh of the nominal power bank capacity *Fully charging an iPhone 7 with an internal 1’960 mAh (1.96 Ah) Lithium-Ion battery:**Stored Electrical Energy of internal battery: 1.96 Ah x 3.7 V = 7.3 Wh**Required power bank energy for recharging with a 75% Energy Transfer Efficiency: 7.3 Wh / 0.75 ≈ 10 Wh**This corresponds to 2’650 mAh of the nominal power bank capacity 

 *Select your power bank wisely. Compare weight and capacity before purchase. Stylish slim power banks may look nice but have typically a worse specific energy rating (more weight for the same capacity). *Avoid discharging Lithium-Ion completely. Better top up your smart phone and InReach when the remaining power drops below 25%. Lithium-Ion batteries do not suffer from a “memory-effect” like the obsolete Nickel-Cadmium batteries but dislike deep discharges. It is better to recharge a Lithium-Ion battery several times instead of fully discharging a battery and then recharging the battery completely. *I suspect that bringing the internal battery of a smartphone or an InReach all the way up to 100% results in more losses. There¬fore, if recharging such a device with a power bank on the trail, stop charging once reaching about 90% battery charge. Of cause, this does not apply when charging a device from the grit during a resupply stop in a town. Then get everything fully charged. *If using a power bank to recharge the InReach and a smartphone keep some reserve in the power bank to later choose depending on circumstances for what you need the energy more. Navigation or communication in case of an emergency.

[[File:navegacion con GPS 8.JPG|thumb|Left: Standard in Chile (Type L, CEI 23-16 VII. Same as Italia and Uruguay) Center: Current Standard in Argentina (Type I, AS 3112. Same as Australia) Right: Older Standard in Argentina (Type C, Europlug)Image: Martín Lizondo]]A USB charger is required to recharge the smartphone and the USB power bank during resupply town visits. In Chile and Argentina, the same voltage and grit frequency is used (220 V / 50 Hz) but both nations have different sockets. In Chile a USB charger with an Europlug  works perfectly fine. For Argentina an additional Type I  adapter may be useful. 

 *carrying and using a tablet on the trail, *relying on recharging in less favourable condition (areas with normally cloudy weather), *travelling in a bigger group with more power-hungry smartphones and cameras or  *if you don’t need to care much about weight (packrafting with very little hiking).

 In addition to the solar panel a AA NiMH battery charger is required. I recommend the Goal Zero Guide 10 plus  device that weights 64 g. The bonus feature of this device is that it can also be used as a USB power bank by discharging AA NiMH batteries. But the Goal Zero charger comes with the disadvantage that it charges only 4 NiMH batteries together. Alternatively use the EBL USB Quick Charger . The advantage of the EBL charger is that it charges individual batteries (a single battery if you want) and that it charges faster if you have enough USB power (i.e. if you have up to 2 A USB input current in towns or with a bigger solar panel). But the EBL charger can not be used as a power bank. The weight of the EBL charger is with 68 g nearly identical. For more information to these the section about USB AA NiMH chargers USB AA NiMH Battery Charger.

 *5 W solar panel: Approximately 250 g *AA battery charger: 65 g *Mini-USB cable: 10 g *6 x AA NiMH batteries: 6 x 25 g = 150 g

 *Option 1: 20 Alkaline batteries (460 g). This hypothetical set provides roughly 30 days of power for the GPS device but no recharge for the smart phone or InReach. *Option 2: A 10’000 mAh USB Power Bank and 10 Alkaline batteries (Approximately 440 g). This hypothetical set provides roughly 15 days of power for the GPS device, two smartphone and two InReach Mini recharges. *Option 3: A 5’000 mAh USB Power Bank, 10 NiMH batteries and an AA NiMH battery charger with a cable (Approximately 460 g). This is a hypothetical set of someone that opts for rechargeable AA NiMH batteries instead of Alkaline batteries for environmental and/or cost reasons while recharging the AA NiMH batteries in towns only. This hypothetical set provides roughly 10 days of power for the GPS device, one smartphone and one InReach Mini recharge. 

 *Don’t buy a solar panel with a build-in battery (integrated power bank). This only seams handy but is not. While charging the battery inevitably overheats what quickly deteriorates the battery. Also, if just one of the two components deteriorates you have to scrap both. *I prefer foldable solar panels as they are more robust during transport. A single thin panel needs more care as it is easily crushed in the backpack. But a single panel without folds is easier to set up and to align to the sun. Choose whatever you find appropriate for you. *I know I repeat myself, but this is really important: Test your panel before relying on it! Rated values are normally exagger¬ated. You probably need to purchase a panel that is rated as 7 W or 10 W to get the recommended 5 W power output. Best use one of these tiny USB power monitors that indicate voltage and current to verify the actual performance after purchase. *Align your solar panel vertical to the sun when charging. To find the optimal angle tilt and rotate the panel to created the larges possible shade on the ground. The largest shadow means the most sun on the panel. When charging while hiking choose a suitable average position for the solar panel on the backpack. *While charging, connect the charged device(s) with a long enough cable to the solar panel to keeps your charged gadget(s) in a shady and ventilated location. Avoid placing the charged devices in the pockets on the back of the solar panel. These pockets might be useful to carry your charging gear while not using the panel but not when charging. *Carrying a USB power monitor on the trail is also handy to optimize the orientation of the panel to the sun and to check what is happening in suboptimal conditions i.e. cloudy weather. If you see that the charging current is unreasonable low don’t hazzle yourself with fruitless charging attempts. Many USB power monitors have two USB outlets. This makes the power monitor a handy “splitter” to charge two devices simultaneously from one USB outlet (i.e. in towns).  *Some smartphones react oddly to variable charging currents. If the USB power output is temporary reduced these devices readjust to the reduced power output and continue charging with the reduced current even if the USB power output recovers to a higher level. If i.e. a cloud passes the solar power output drops and when the sunshine is back the smart phone uses only a fraction of the available power. This effect is particular annoying when charging while walking. The changing orien¬tation and the shade of trees along the trail inevitably results in a fluctuating power output.

 *Another barely known effect is the solar panel response to a partial shading. If i.e. 10% of the solar panel surface is covered the power output drops typically much more than just 10%. I tested solar panels that loose around 90% of the power output when 10% of the solar panel surface is in the shade. It needs a special solar panel configuration and a good electronics to minimize this effect. If you have a USB power monitor you can verify yourself how your panel reacts to partial shading. *Be aware that solar panels work best at lower temperatures. This makes a bright fresh morning the best time for charging. Just take make sure to tilt the solar panel enough to harvest the maximum amount of energy while the sun is low.

 *Maximum USB charging current: 0.8 A (rated and measured)

 *Goal Zero Charging Efficiency: 65% to 70%

 *Goal Zero Power Bank Mode Efficiency: 60% to 75%

 *Alkaline batteries should not be used to generate USB power with a Goal Zero Guide 10 due to an even lower efficiency caused by the poor Alkaline battery behaviour at a high discharge current. Efficiency is likely to be less than 40% so more than half of the energy is converted into useless heat. *Lithium batteries may be used as an emergency backup to generate USB power with a Goal Zero Guide 10. If using 4 Lithium batteries with a capacity of 3’000 mAh (4 x 4.5 Wh) approximately 11 to 13 Wh of USB power can be generated. Since Lithium batteries behave well at high discharge currents this conversion is reasonable efficient.

 *Maximum USB charging current: 2.1 A (rated) / 1.7 A (measured)

 *EBL USB Quick Charger Charging Efficiency: Approximately 45%

I recently stumbled in an outdoor shop over a piece of gear that also promises to charge electronics in the outdoors: the Bio Lite CampStove. This stove promises to produce electrical energy using the thermoelectric effect. All you need are small pieces of wood to recharge your gadgets while cooking with fire. Here the link: [https://eu.bioliteenergy.com/products/campstove-2 the link]. 

There is another power generator that recently pushed on the market: the WaterLily Turbine. The designers suggest using it in fast flowing rivers or hung up in a tree to harvest wind energy. Here the link: [https://waterlilyturbine.com/products/waterlily-turbine the link]. 

Add images{| class="wikitable"|+Navigation Equipment Options (Opt.: Optional)! Item ! Comment Luxury ! Luxury Ultra-Light ! Ultra-Light ! Economy Light ! Autarky & High-Power ! Smartphones Only|-| colspan="7"|Navigation and Communication Devices |-| GPS | Recommended Primary Navigation Device | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | -|-| Smartphone | Recommended Backup Navigation Device | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes|-| Backup Smartphone | Second Backup Smartphone if no GPS used | - | - | - | - | Yes|-| InReach | Satellite Communication Device | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes|-| colspan="7"|Power Generator |-| Solar Panel | A solar panel with an actual 5 W power output is normally sufficient | - | - | - | Yes | -|-| colspan="7"|Batteries and Power Banks |-| AA Lithium Batteries | Lithium batteries have the highest specific stored energy but are costly | Yes | Opt. | Opt. | Opt. | -|-| AA Alkaline Batteries | Alkaline batteries are cheaper and easier to find in small resupply towns | - | Yes | Opt. | - | -|-| AA NiMH Batteries | Rechargeable batteries minimize cost but slightly increase weight | - | - | Yes | Yes | -|-| AA USB Charger | Rechargeable batteries require a charger that may serve as power bank | Opt. | - | Yes | Yes | -|-| USB Power Bank | USB devices are best recharged with a Lithium-Ion power bank | Opt. | Yes | Yes | Opt. | Yes|-| colspan="7"|220 V USB Charger |-| USB Charger | 220 V USB Charger with Europlug  þ and Type L Adapter for Argentina | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | YesTable 114: Navigation Equipment Options (Opt.: Optional)|} 

{| class="wikitable"|+Navigation Equipment Options (Weight per day)! Power Supply Option Device! Device Consumption ! Cost per Day of Navigation ! Weight per Day of Navigation ! Additional Base Weight per Day of Range Additional! Additional Base Weight|-| Luxury Ultra-Light OptionGPS & AA Lithium Batteries | 2 AA: 4 – 5 days | 1 – 3 EUR | 7.5 g | - | -|-| Ultra-Light OptionGPS & AA Alkaline Batteries | 2 AA: 3 – 4 days | 0.25 – 1 EUR | 15 g | - | -|-| Economy Light OptionGPS & AA NiMH Batteries | 2 AA: 2 – 3 days | - | - | 25 g | 75 g|-| Autarky & High-Power OptionGPS & AA NiMH Bat. & Solar Panel | 2 AA: 2 – 3 days | - | - | - | At least 475 g|-| Smartphones Only OptionSmartphones & USB Power Bank | 1 smartphone charge: ≈ 2 days | - | - | At least 30 g | Backup SmartphoneTable 115: Navigation Equipment Options (Weight per day)Power Supply OptionsWith Non-Rechargeable Batteries 4 Days of Navigation 8 Days of Navigation 12 Days of Navigation 16 Days of Navigation 20 Days of NavigationLuxury Ultra-Light OptionGPS & AA Lithium Batteries 30 g 2 x AA Lithium 60 g 4 x AA Lithium 90 g 6 x AA Lithium 120 g 8 x AA Lithium 150 g 10 x AA Lithium In addition, USB power bank for smartphone depending on habits and backup needs.|}

{| class="wikitable"|+Navigation Equipment Options (Weight depending on section length)! Power Supply Options With Non-Rechargeable Batteries! 4 Days of Navigation! 8 Days of Navigation! 12 Days of Navigation! 16 Days of Navigation! 20 Days of Navigation|-| Luxury Ultra-Light OptionGPS & AA Alkaline Lithium Batteries 92 (In addition, USB power bank for smartphone depending on habits and backup needs.)| 30 g 2 x AA Lithium| 60 g 4 x AA Alkaline 138 Lithium| 90 g 6 x AA Alkaline 184 g Lithium| 120 g 8 x AA Alkaline 276 g Lithium12 | 150 g 10 x AA Alkaline 322 g Lithium14 x |-| Ultra-Light Option GPS & AA Alkaline Batteries (In addition, USB power bank for smartphone depending on habits and backup needs.)| 92 g 4 x AA Alkaline| 138 g 6 x AA Alkaline| 184 g 8 x AA Alkaline| 276 g 12 x AA Alkaline| 322 g 14 x AA Alkaline|-| Navigation Equipment OptionWith Rechargeable Batteries | 4 Days of Range | 8 Days of Range | 12 Days of Range | 16 Days of Range | 20 Days of Range|-| Economy Light OptionGPS & AA NiMH Batteries (In addition, USB power bank for smartphone depending on habits and backup needs.)| 175 g 4 x AA NiMH | 275 g 8 x AA NiMH | 375 g 12 x AA NiMH | 475 g 16 x AA NiMH | 575 g 20 x AA NiMH In addition, USB power bank for smartphone depending on habits and backup needs.|-| Autarky & High-Power OptionGPS & AA NiMH Bat. & Solar Panel | At least 475 g | At least 475 g | At least 475 g | At least 475 g | At least 475 g|-| Smartphones Only OptionSmartphones & USB Power Bank (In addition, a second backup smartphone required)| At least 120 g1 x 5’000 mAh | At least 180 g1 x 10’000 mAh | At least 360 g2 x 10’000 mAh | At least 540 g3 x 10’000 mAh | At least 540 g3 x 10’000 mAh In addition, a second backup smartphone required. Table 116: Navigation Equipment Options (Weight depending on section length)|}